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IMO Shortlist
2022 IMO Shortlist
A8
A8
Part of
2022 IMO Shortlist
Problems
(1)
Exponential number of n-sequences
Source: ISL 2022 A8
7/9/2023
For a positive integer
n
n
n
, an
n
n
n
-sequence is a sequence
(
a
0
,
…
,
a
n
)
(a_0,\ldots,a_n)
(
a
0
,
…
,
a
n
)
of non-negative integers satisfying the following condition: if
i
i
i
and
j
j
j
are non-negative integers with
i
+
j
⩽
n
i+j \leqslant n
i
+
j
⩽
n
, then
a
i
+
a
j
⩽
n
a_i+a_j \leqslant n
a
i
+
a
j
⩽
n
and
a
a
i
+
a
j
=
a
i
+
j
a_{a_i+a_j}=a_{i+j}
a
a
i
+
a
j
=
a
i
+
j
.Let
f
(
n
)
f(n)
f
(
n
)
be the number of
n
n
n
-sequences. Prove that there exist positive real numbers
c
1
c_1
c
1
,
c
2
c_2
c
2
, and
λ
\lambda
λ
such that
c
1
λ
n
<
f
(
n
)
<
c
2
λ
n
c_1\lambda^n<f(n)<c_2\lambda^n
c
1
λ
n
<
f
(
n
)
<
c
2
λ
n
for all positive integers
n
n
n
.
algebra
Sequences