MathDB

Problems(4)

2012 ToT Spring Junior A p7 angle between 3 incenters

Source:

3/4/2020
Let AHAH be an altitude of an equilateral triangle ABCABC. Let II be the incentre of triangle ABHABH, and let L,KL, K and JJ be the incentres of triangles ABI,BCIABI,BCI and CAICAI respectively. Determine KJL\angle KJL.
incenterangleEquilateralaltitude
2012 ToT Spring Senior A p7 a pile of 100 pebbles

Source:

3/5/2020
Konstantin has a pile of 100100 pebbles. In each move, he chooses a pile and splits it into two smaller ones until he gets 100100 piles each with a single pebble. (a) Prove that at some point, there are 3030 piles containing a total of exactly 6060 pebbles. (b) Prove that at some point, there are 2020 piles containing a total of exactly 6060 pebbles. (c) Prove that Konstantin may proceed in such a way that at no point, there are 1919 piles containing a total of exactly 6060 pebbles.
combinatorics
2012 ToT Fall Junior A p7 sum of digits = 2012

Source:

3/22/2020
Peter and Paul play the following game. First, Peter chooses some positive integer aa with the sum of its digits equal to 20122012. Paul wants to determine this number, he knows only that the sum of the digits of Peter’s number is 20122012. On each of his moves Paul chooses a positive integer xx and Peter tells him the sum of the digits of xa|x - a|. What is the minimal number of moves in which Paul can determine Peter’s number for sure?
sum of digitsnumber theory
2012 ToT Fall Senior A p7 1 000 000$ soldiers in a line

Source:

3/22/2020
There are 10000001 000 000 soldiers in a line. The sergeant splits the line into 100100 segments (the length of different segments may be different) and permutes the segments (not changing the order of soldiers in each segment) forming a new line. The sergeant repeats this procedure several times (splits the new line in segments of the same lengths and permutes them in exactly the same way as the first time). Every soldier originally from the first segment recorded the number of performed procedures that took him to return to the first segment for the first time. Prove that at most 100100 of these numbers are different.
combinatorics