MathDB
Problems
Contests
National and Regional Contests
Mexico Contests
Mexico National Olympiad
2022 Mexico National Olympiad
2022 Mexico National Olympiad
Part of
Mexico National Olympiad
Subcontests
(6)
3
1
Hide problems
Musical divisors
Let
n
>
1
n>1
n
>
1
be an integer and
d
1
<
d
2
<
⋯
<
d
m
d_1<d_2<\dots<d_m
d
1
<
d
2
<
⋯
<
d
m
the list of its positive divisors, including
1
1
1
and
n
n
n
. The
m
m
m
instruments of a mathematical orchestra will play a musical piece for
m
m
m
seconds, where the instrument
i
i
i
will play a note of tone
d
i
d_i
d
i
during
s
i
s_i
s
i
seconds (not necessarily consecutive), where
d
i
d_i
d
i
and
s
i
s_i
s
i
are positive integers. This piece has "sonority"
S
=
s
1
+
s
2
+
…
s
n
S=s_1+s_2+\dots s_n
S
=
s
1
+
s
2
+
…
s
n
. A pair of tones
a
a
a
and
b
b
b
are harmonic if
a
b
\frac ab
b
a
or
b
a
\frac ba
a
b
is an integer. If every instrument plays for at least one second and every pair of notes that sound at the same time are harmonic, show that the maximum sonority achievable is a composite number.
2
1
Hide problems
Cubic chess
Let
n
n
n
be a positive integer. David has six
n
×
n
n\times n
n
×
n
chessboards which he arranges in an
n
×
n
×
n
n\times n\times n
n
×
n
×
n
cube. Two cells are "aligned" if they can be connected by a path of cells
a
=
c
1
,
c
2
,
…
,
c
m
=
b
a=c_1,\ c_2,\ \dots,\ c_m=b
a
=
c
1
,
c
2
,
…
,
c
m
=
b
such that all consecutive cells in the path share a side, and the sides that the cell
c
i
c_i
c
i
shares with its neighbors are on opposite sides of the square for
i
=
2
,
3
,
…
m
−
1
i=2,\ 3,\ \dots\ m-1
i
=
2
,
3
,
…
m
−
1
. Two towers attack each other if the cells they occupy are aligned. What is the maximum amount of towers he can place on the board such that no two towers attack each other?
1
1
Hide problems
Tlahuica Numbers
A number
x
x
x
is "Tlahuica" if there exist prime numbers
p
1
,
p
2
,
…
,
p
k
p_1,\ p_2,\ \dots,\ p_k
p
1
,
p
2
,
…
,
p
k
such that
x
=
1
p
1
+
1
p
2
+
⋯
+
1
p
k
.
x=\frac{1}{p_1}+\frac{1}{p_2}+\dots+\frac{1}{p_k}.
x
=
p
1
1
+
p
2
1
+
⋯
+
p
k
1
.
Find the largest Tlahuica number
x
x
x
such that
0
<
x
<
1
0<x<1
0
<
x
<
1
and there exists a positive integer
m
≤
2022
m\leq 2022
m
≤
2022
such that
m
x
mx
m
x
is an integer.
6
1
Hide problems
Similar triangles in equiangular polygon
Find all integers
n
≥
3
n\geq 3
n
≥
3
such that there exists a convex
n
n
n
-gon
A
1
A
2
…
A
n
A_1A_2\dots A_n
A
1
A
2
…
A
n
which satisfies the following conditions: - All interior angles of the polygon are equal - Not all sides of the polygon are equal - There exists a triangle
T
T
T
and a point
O
O
O
inside the polygon such that the
n
n
n
triangles
O
A
1
A
2
,
O
A
2
A
3
,
…
,
O
A
n
−
1
A
n
,
O
A
n
A
1
OA_1A_2,\ OA_2A_3,\ \dots,\ OA_{n-1}A_n,\ OA_nA_1
O
A
1
A
2
,
O
A
2
A
3
,
…
,
O
A
n
−
1
A
n
,
O
A
n
A
1
are all similar to
T
T
T
, not necessarily in the same vertex order.
5
1
Hide problems
List of Factors
Let
n
>
1
n>1
n
>
1
be a positive integer and
d
1
<
d
2
<
⋯
<
d
m
d_1<d_2<\dots<d_m
d
1
<
d
2
<
⋯
<
d
m
be its
m
m
m
positive divisors, including
1
1
1
and
n
n
n
. Lalo writes the following
2
m
2m
2
m
numbers on a board:
d
1
,
d
2
…
,
d
m
,
d
1
+
d
2
,
d
2
+
d
3
,
…
,
d
m
−
1
+
d
m
,
N
d_1,d_2\dots, d_m,d_1+d_2,d_2+d_3,\dots,d_{m-1}+d_m,N
d
1
,
d
2
…
,
d
m
,
d
1
+
d
2
,
d
2
+
d
3
,
…
,
d
m
−
1
+
d
m
,
N
where
N
N
N
is a positive integer. Afterwards, Lalo erases any number that is repeated (for example, if a number appears twice, he erases one of them). Finally, Lalo realizes that the numbers left on the board are exactly all the divisors of
N
N
N
. Find all possible values that
n
n
n
can take.
4
1
Hide problems
Fountains and Grids
Let
n
n
n
be a positive integer. In an
n
×
n
n\times n
n
×
n
garden, a fountain is to be built with
1
×
1
1\times 1
1
×
1
platforms covering the entire garden. Ana places all the platforms at a different height. Afterwards, Beto places water sources in some of the platforms. The water in each platform can flow to other platforms sharing a side only if they have a lower height. Beto wins if he fills all platforms with water. Find the least number of water sources that Beto needs to win no matter how Ana places the platforms.