MathDB
Putnam 2014 B1

Source:

December 8, 2014
Putnammodular arithmeticinductioncollege contestsPutnam 2014

Problem Statement

A base 10 over-expansion of a positive integer NN is an expression of the form N=dk10k+dk110k1++d0100N=d_k10^k+d_{k-1}10^{k-1}+\cdots+d_0 10^0 with dk0d_k\ne 0 and di{0,1,2,,10}d_i\in\{0,1,2,\dots,10\} for all i.i. For instance, the integer N=10N=10 has two base 10 over-expansions: 10=1010010=10\cdot 10^0 and the usual base 10 expansion 10=1101+0100.10=1\cdot 10^1+0\cdot 10^0. Which positive integers have a unique base 10 over-expansion?