MathDB
(Ir)rational points on line are colored

Source: Saint Petersburg olympiad 2024, 9.1

September 21, 2024
number theory

Problem Statement

Dima has red and blue felt—tip pens, with one of them he paints rational points on the numerical axis, and with the other - irrational ones. Dima colored 100100 rational and 100100 irrational points, after which he erased the signatures that allowed to find out where the origin was and what the scale was. Sergey has a compass with which he can measure the distance between any two colored points AA and BB, and then mark on the axis a point located at a measured distance from any colored point CC (left or right); at the same time, Dima immediately paints it with the appropriate felt-tip pen. How Sergei can find out what color Dima paints rational points and what color he paints irrational ones?