(Ir)rational points on line are colored
Source: Saint Petersburg olympiad 2024, 9.1
September 21, 2024
number theory
Problem Statement
Dima has red and blue felt—tip pens, with one of them he paints rational points on the numerical axis, and with the other - irrational ones. Dima colored rational and irrational points, after which he erased the signatures that allowed to find out where the origin was and what the scale was. Sergey has a compass with which he can measure the distance between any two colored points and , and then mark on the axis a point located at a measured distance from any colored point (left or right); at the same time, Dima immediately paints it with the appropriate felt-tip pen. How Sergei can find out what color Dima paints rational points and what color he paints irrational ones?