MathDB
Arithmetic progressions

Source: 2014 China TST 1 Day 2 Q5

March 18, 2014
limitcombinatorics proposedcombinatorics

Problem Statement

Let a1<a2<...<ata_1<a_2<...<a_t be tt given positive integers where no three form an arithmetic progression. For k=t,t+1,...k=t,t+1,... define ak+1a_{k+1} to be the smallest positive integer larger than aka_k satisfying the condition that no three of a1,a2,...,ak+1a_1,a_2,...,a_{k+1} form an arithmetic progression. For any xR+x\in\mathbb{R}^+ define A(x)A(x) to be the number of terms in {ai}i1\{a_i\}_{i\ge 1} that are at most xx. Show that there exist c>1c>1 and K>0K>0 such that A(x)cxA(x)\ge c\sqrt{x} for any x>Kx>K.