MathDB
Function that adds a multiple of totient

Source: 2024 IRN-SGP-TWN Friendly Math Competition P4

August 2, 2024
functionnumber theory

Problem Statement

Consider the function fk:Z+Z+f_k:\mathbb{Z}^{+}\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}^{+} satisfying fk(x)=x+kφ(x)f_k(x)=x+k\varphi(x) where φ(x)\varphi(x) is Euler's totient function, that is, the number of positive integers up to xx coprime to xx. We define a sequence a1,a2,...,a10a_1,a_2,...,a_{10} with
[*] a1=ca_1=c, and [*] an=fk(an1)  2n10a_n=f_k(a_{n-1}) \text{ }\forall \text{ } 2\le n\le 10
Is it possible to choose the initial value c1c\ne 1 such that each term is a multiple of the previous, if (a) k=2025k=2025 ? (b) k=2065k=2065 ?
Proposed by chorn