MathDB
3D Billard in a mirrored cube

Source: Germany 2024, Problem 2

June 14, 2024
geometrygeometry proposed3D geometry

Problem Statement

Six quadratic mirrors are put together to form a cube ABCDEFGHABCDEFGH with a mirrored interior. At each of the eight vertices, there is a tiny hole through which a laser beam can enter and leave the cube. A laser beam enters the cube at vertex AA in a direction not parallel to any of the cube's sides. If the beam hits a side, it is reflected; if it hits an edge, the light is absorbed, and if it hits a vertex, it leaves the cube. For each positive integer nn, determine the set of vertices where the laser beam can leave the cube after exactly nn reflections.