3D Billard in a mirrored cube
Source: Germany 2024, Problem 2
June 14, 2024
geometrygeometry proposed3D geometry
Problem Statement
Six quadratic mirrors are put together to form a cube with a mirrored interior. At each of the eight vertices, there is a tiny hole through which a laser beam can enter and leave the cube. A laser beam enters the cube at vertex in a direction not parallel to any of the cube's sides. If the beam hits a side, it is reflected; if it hits an edge, the light is absorbed, and if it hits a vertex, it leaves the cube.
For each positive integer , determine the set of vertices where the laser beam can leave the cube after exactly reflections.