MathDB
Finding the least k-sparse integer

Source: 2018 RMM Shortlist C4

February 21, 2019
combinatorics

Problem Statement

Let kk and ss be positive integers such that s<(2k+1)2s<(2k + 1)^2. Initially, one cell out of an n×nn \times n grid is coloured green. On each turn, we pick some green cell cc and colour green some ss out of the (2k+1)2(2k + 1)^2 cells in the (2k+1)×(2k+1)(2k + 1) \times (2k + 1) square centred at cc. No cell may be coloured green twice. We say that ss is ksparsek-sparse if there exists some positive number CC such that, for every positive integer nn, the total number of green cells after any number of turns is always going to be at most CnCn. Find, in terms of kk, the least kk-sparse integer ss.
[I]Proposed by Nikolai Beluhov.