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Find all good quadratic homogeneous polynomials

Source: IMC 2007, Day 1, Problem 3

August 6, 2007
quadraticsalgebrapolynomialanalytic geometrylinear algebramatrixIMC

Problem Statement

Call a polynomial P(x1,,xk) P(x_{1}, \ldots, x_{k}) good if there exist 2×2 2\times 2 real matrices A1,,Ak A_{1}, \ldots, A_{k} such that P(x1,,xk)=det(i=1kxiAi). P(x_{1}, \ldots, x_{k}) = \det \left(\sum_{i=1}^{k}x_{i}A_{i}\right). Find all values of k k for which all homogeneous polynomials with k k variables of degree 2 are good. (A polynomial is homogeneous if each term has the same total degree.)