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inequalities with 3-element subsets of {1,2,...,n}

Source: 2023 NZMO - New Zealand Maths Olympiad Round 1 p7

September 2, 2023
inequalitiescombinatoricsnumber theory

Problem Statement

Let n,mn,m be positive integers. Let A1,A2,A3,...,AmA_1,A_2,A_3, ... ,A_m be sets such that Ai{1,2,3,...,n}A_i \subseteq \{1, 2, 3, . . . , n\} and Ai=3|A_i| = 3 for all ii (i.e. AiA_i consists of three different positive integers each at most nn). Suppose for all i<ji < j we have AiAj1|A_i \cap A_j | \le 1 (i.e. AiA_i and AjA_j have at most one element in common). (a) Prove that mn(n1)6m \le \frac{n(n-1)}{ 6} . (b) Show that for all n3n \ge3 it is possible to have m(n1)(n2)6m \ge \frac{(n-1)(n-2)}{ 6} .