Sums and Products on Chessboard
Source: Ukrainian Mathematical Olympiad 2023. Day 1, Problem 8.1
April 5, 2023
number theoryChessboard
Problem Statement
Oleksiy placed positive integers in the cells of the chessboard. For each pair of adjacent-by-side cells, Fedir wrote down the product of the numbers in them and added all the products. Oleksiy wrote down the sum of the numbers in each pair of adjacent-by-side cells and multiplied all the sums. It turned out that the last digits of both numbers are equal to . Prove that at least one of the boys made a mistake in the calculation. For example, for a square and the arrangement of numbers shown below, Fedir would write the following numbers: , and their sum ends with a digit ; Oleksiy would write the following numbers: , and their product ends with a digit .\begin{tabular}{| c| c | c |}
\hline
1 & 2 & 3 \\
\hline
2 & 4 & 6 \\
\hline
3 & 5 & 7 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
Proposed by Oleksiy Masalitin and Fedir Yudin