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IMO ShortList 1999, algebra problem 3

Source: IMO ShortList 1999, algebra problem 3

November 14, 2004
modular arithmeticsymmetryrotationcountingcombinatoricsgraph theoryIMO Shortlist

Problem Statement

A game is played by nn girls (n2n \geq 2), everybody having a ball. Each of the (n2)\binom{n}{2} pairs of players, is an arbitrary order, exchange the balls they have at the moment. The game is called nice nice if at the end nobody has her own ball and it is called tiresome if at the end everybody has her initial ball. Determine the values of nn for which there exists a nice game and those for which there exists a tiresome game.