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n_1n_2... divides (n_1+k)(n_2+k)...

Source: Putnam 1982 B4

October 1, 2021
number theory

Problem Statement

Let n1,n2,,nsn_1,n_2,\ldots,n_s be distinct integers such that (n1+k)(n2+k)(ns+k)(n_1+k)(n_2+k)\cdots(n_s+k)is an integral multiple of n1n2nsn_1n_2\cdots n_s for every integer kk. For each of the following assertions give a proof or a counterexample:
(a)(\text a) ni=1|n_i|=1 for some ii (b)(\text b) If further all nin_i are positive, then {n1,n2,,n2}={1,2,,s}.\{n_1,n_2,\ldots,n_2\}=\{1,2,\ldots,s\}.