BMO Shortlist 2021 C4
Source: BMO Shortlist 2021
May 8, 2022
Balkanshortlist2021combinatoricsSequenceProcess
Problem Statement
A sequence of non-negative integers is given. There's also a sequence of consecutive cells enumerated from to from left to right, such that initially the number is written on the -th cell, for . Starting from this initial position, we repeat the following sequence of steps, as long as it's possible:Step 1: Add up the numbers written on all the cells, denote the sum as .Step 2: If is equal to or if it is larger than the current number of cells, the process terminates. Otherwise, remove the -th cell, and shift shift all cells that are to the right of it one position to the
left. Then go to Step 1.Example: .A sequence of non-negative integers is called balanced, if at the end of this
process there’s exactly one cell left, and it’s the cell that was initially enumerated by ,
i.e. the cell that was initially in the middle.Find the total number of balanced sequences as a function of .Proposed by Viktor Simjanoski, North Macedonia