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Sequence built on the roots of the equation x^2-ax+1=0, a>=2

Source: Albanian BMO TST 2010 Question 2

March 20, 2010
inequalitiesanalytic geometryconicsparabolaalgebrapolynomialVieta

Problem Statement

Let a2 a\geq 2 be a real number; with the roots x1 x_{1} and x2 x_{2} of the equation x^2\minus{}ax\plus{}1\equal{}0 we build the sequence with S_{n}\equal{}x_{1}^n \plus{} x_{2}^n. a)Prove that the sequence \frac{S_{n}}{S_{n\plus{}1}}, where n n takes value from 1 1 up to infinity, is strictly non increasing. b)Find all value of a a for the which this inequality hold for all natural values of n n \frac{S_{1}}{S_{2}}\plus{}\cdots \plus{}\frac{S_{n}}{S_{n\plus{}1}}>n\minus{}1