MathDB
Sum-friendly odd partitions

Source: Indian IMOTC 2013, Team Selection Test 3, Problem 1

July 30, 2013
combinatoricsInteger partitions

Problem Statement

For a positive integer nn, a sum-friendly odd partition of nn is a sequence (a1,a2,,ak)(a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_k) of odd positive integers with a1a2aka_1 \le a_2 \le \cdots \le a_k and a1+a2++ak=na_1 + a_2 + \cdots + a_k = n such that for all positive integers mnm \le n, mm can be uniquely written as a subsum m=ai1+ai2++airm = a_{i_1} + a_{i_2} + \cdots + a_{i_r}. (Two subsums ai1+ai2++aira_{i_1} + a_{i_2} + \cdots + a_{i_r} and aj1+aj2++ajsa_{j_1} + a_{j_2} + \cdots + a_{j_s} with i1<i2<<iri_1 < i_2 < \cdots < i_r and j1<j2<<jsj_1 < j_2 < \cdots < j_s are considered the same if r=sr = s and ail=ajla_{i_l} = a_{j_l} for 1lr1 \le l \le r.) For example, (1,1,3,3)(1, 1, 3, 3) is a sum-friendly odd partition of 88. Find the number of sum-friendly odd partitions of 99999999.