MathDB
Weird (Is it?) sequences

Source: STEMS 2021 CS Cat A Q4

January 23, 2021
combinatorics

Problem Statement

Let a1,a2,ana_1,a_2, \dots a_n be positive real numbers. Define b1,b2,bnb_1,b_2, \dots b_n as follows. \begin{align*} b_1&=a_1 \\ b_2&=max(a_1,a_2)\\ b_i&=max(b_{i-1},b_{i-2}+a_i) \text{ for } i=3,4 \dots n \end{align*} Also define c1,c2cnc_1,c_2 \dots c_n as follows. \begin{align*} c_n&=a_n \\ c_{n-1}&=max(a_n,a_{n-1})\\ c_i&=max(c_{i+1},c_{i+2}+a_i) \text{ for } i=n-2,n-3 \dots 1 \end{align*} Prove that bn=c1b_n=c_1.\\