Operations with numbers on a board
Source: EGMO 2024, P1
April 13, 2024
EGMO
Problem Statement
Two different integers and are written on a board. We perform a sequence of steps. At each step we do one of the following two operations:(i) If and are different integers on the board, then we can write on the board, if it is not
already there.
(ii) If , and are three different integers on the board, and if an integer satisfies ,
then we can write on the board, if it is not already there.Determine all pairs of starting numbers from which any integer can eventually be written on the board after a finite sequence of steps.