MathDB
Operations with numbers on a board

Source: EGMO 2024, P1

April 13, 2024
EGMO

Problem Statement

Two different integers uu and vv are written on a board. We perform a sequence of steps. At each step we do one of the following two operations:
(i) If aa and bb are different integers on the board, then we can write a+ba + b on the board, if it is not already there. (ii) If aa, bb and cc are three different integers on the board, and if an integer xx satisfies ax2+bx+c=0ax^2 +bx+c = 0, then we can write xx on the board, if it is not already there.
Determine all pairs of starting numbers (u,v)(u, v) from which any integer can eventually be written on the board after a finite sequence of steps.