MathDB
Putnam 2021 B6

Source:

December 5, 2021
PutnamPutnam 2021

Problem Statement

Given an ordered list of 3N3N real numbers, we can trim it to form a list of NN numbers as follows: We divide the list into NN groups of 33 consecutive numbers, and within each group, discard the highest and lowest numbers, keeping only the median. \\ Consider generating a random number XX by the following procedure: Start with a list of 320213^{2021} numbers, drawn independently and unfiformly at random between 00 and 11. Then trim this list as defined above, leaving a list of 320203^{2020} numbers. Then trim again repeatedly until just one number remains; let XX be this number. Let μ\mu be the expected value of X12\left|X-\frac{1}{2} \right|. Show that μ14(23)2021. \mu \ge \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{2}{3} \right)^{2021}.