MathDB
n^k + mn^l + 1 divides n^(k+1) - 1

Source: 2016 IMO Shortlist N4

July 19, 2017
number theoryIMO Shortlist

Problem Statement

Let n,m,kn, m, k and ll be positive integers with n1n \neq 1 such that nk+mnl+1n^k + mn^l + 1 divides nk+l1n^{k+l} - 1. Prove that
[*]m=1m = 1 and l=2kl = 2k; or [*]lkl|k and m=nkl1nl1m = \frac{n^{k-l}-1}{n^l-1}.