MathDB
Game with marbles

Source: APMO 2022 P4

May 17, 2022
combinatoricsAPMOAPMO 2022

Problem Statement

Let nn and kk be positive integers. Cathy is playing the following game. There are nn marbles and kk boxes, with the marbles labelled 11 to nn. Initially, all marbles are placed inside one box. Each turn, Cathy chooses a box and then moves the marbles with the smallest label, say ii, to either any empty box or the box containing marble i+1i+1. Cathy wins if at any point there is a box containing only marble nn. Determine all pairs of integers (n,k)(n,k) such that Cathy can win this game.