Game with marbles
Source: APMO 2022 P4
May 17, 2022
combinatoricsAPMOAPMO 2022
Problem Statement
Let and be positive integers. Cathy is playing the following game. There are marbles and boxes, with the marbles labelled to . Initially, all marbles are placed inside one box. Each turn, Cathy chooses a box and then moves the marbles with the smallest label, say , to either any empty box or the box containing marble . Cathy wins if at any point there is a box containing only marble .
Determine all pairs of integers such that Cathy can win this game.