Magic trick again
Source: 239 MO 2024 S6
May 22, 2024
combinatorics
Problem Statement
Let denotes the set of integers from to . A magician with an assistant perform a trick. The magician leaves the hall and the spectator writes a sequence of elements on the board from the set . The magician’s assistant looks at them and adds more elements from to the existing sequence. After that the spectator replaces three of these numbers by random elements of (it is permitted to change them by themselves, that is to not change anything at all, for example). The magician enters and looks at the resulting row of numbers and without error names the original numbers written by the spectator. Find the minimal possible for which the trick is possible.