MathDB
Magic trick again

Source: 239 MO 2024 S6

May 22, 2024
combinatorics

Problem Statement

Let XX denotes the set of integers from 11 to 239239. A magician with an assistant perform a trick. The magician leaves the hall and the spectator writes a sequence of 1010 elements on the board from the set XX. The magician’s assistant looks at them and adds kk more elements from XX to the existing sequence. After that the spectator replaces three of these k+10k+10 numbers by random elements of XX (it is permitted to change them by themselves, that is to not change anything at all, for example). The magician enters and looks at the resulting row of k+10k+10 numbers and without error names the original 1010 numbers written by the spectator. Find the minimal possible kk for which the trick is possible.