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Circles and Numbers

Source: Greek IMO TST 2010 Problem 2

September 5, 2014
combinatorics unsolvedcombinatorics

Problem Statement

In a blackboard there are KK circles in a row such that one of the numbers 1,...,K1,...,K is assigned to each circle from the left to the right. Change of situation of a circle is to write in it or erase the number which is assigned to it.At the beginning no number is written in its own circle. For every positive divisor dd of KK ,1dK1\leq d\leq K we change the situation of the circles in which their assigned numbers are divisible by dd,performing for each divisor dd KK changes of situation. Determine the value of KK for which the following holds;when this procedure is applied once for all positive divisors of KK ,then all numbers 1,2,3,...,K1,2,3,...,K are written in the circles they were assigned in.