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egmo 2018 p4

Source: EGMO 2018 P4

April 12, 2018
combinatoricsdominoescoveringEGMOEGMO 2018

Problem Statement

A domino is a 1×2 1 \times 2 or 2×1 2 \times 1 tile. Let n3n \ge 3 be an integer. Dominoes are placed on an n×nn \times n board in such a way that each domino covers exactly two cells of the board, and dominoes do not overlap. The value of a row or column is the number of dominoes that cover at least one cell of this row or column. The configuration is called balanced if there exists some k1k \ge 1 such that each row and each column has a value of kk. Prove that a balanced configuration exists for every n3n \ge 3 , and find the minimum number of dominoes needed in such a configuration.