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Very interesting NT

Source: China TST 2023, Test 1, Problem 3

March 14, 2023
China TSTnumber theory

Problem Statement

(1) Let a,ba,b be coprime positive integers. Prove that there exists constants λ\lambda and β\beta such that for all integers mm,
k=1m1{akm}{bkm}λmβ\left| \sum\limits_{k=1}^{m-1} \left\{ \frac{ak}{m} \right\}\left\{ \frac{bk}{m} \right\} - \lambda m \right| \le \beta
(2) Prove that there exists NN such that for all p>Np>N (where pp is a prime number), and any positive integers a,b,ca,b,c positive integers satisfying p(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)p\nmid (a+b)(b+c)(c+a), there are at least p12\lfloor \frac{p}{12} \rfloor solutions k{1,,p1}k\in \{1,\cdots,p-1\} such that {akp}+{bkp}+{ckp}1 \left\{\frac{ak}{p}\right\} + \left\{\frac{bk}{p}\right\} + \left\{\frac{ck}{p}\right\} \le 1