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IMO Shortlist 2013, Number Theory #5

Source: IMO Shortlist 2013, Number Theory #5

July 10, 2014
inductionnumber theorygameIMO Shortlist

Problem Statement

Fix an integer k>2k>2. Two players, called Ana and Banana, play the following game of numbers. Initially, some integer nkn \ge k gets written on the blackboard. Then they take moves in turn, with Ana beginning. A player making a move erases the number mm just written on the blackboard and replaces it by some number mm' with km<mk \le m' < m that is coprime to mm. The first player who cannot move anymore loses.
An integer nkn \ge k is called good if Banana has a winning strategy when the initial number is nn, and bad otherwise.
Consider two integers n,nkn,n' \ge k with the property that each prime number pkp \le k divides nn if and only if it divides nn'. Prove that either both nn and nn' are good or both are bad.