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Hardest N6 in history

Source: 2023 ISL N6

July 17, 2024
number theoryIMO Shortlist

Problem Statement

A sequence of integers a0,a1a_0, a_1 … is called kawaii if a0=0,a1=1,a_0 =0, a_1=1, and (an+23an+1+2an)(an+24an+1+3an)=0(a_{n+2}-3a_{n+1}+2a_n)(a_{n+2}-4a_{n+1}+3a_n)=0 for all integers n0n \geq 0. An integer is called kawaii if it belongs to some kawaii sequence. Suppose that two consecutive integers mm and m+1m+1 are both kawaii (not necessarily belonging to the same kawaii sequence). Prove that mm is divisible by 3,3, and that m/3m/3 is also kawaii.