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8 weights, 1-8 - All-Russian MO 2000 Regional (R4) 8.5

Source:

September 25, 2024
combinatoricsweighings

Problem Statement

Given are 88 weights weighing 1,2,...,81, 2, . . . , 8 grams, but it is not known which one how much does it weigh. Baron Munchausen claims that he remembers which of the weights weighs how much, and to prove that he is right he is ready to conduct one weighing, as a result of which the weight of at least one of the weights will be unambiguously established. Is he cheating?