ten gamblers
Source: IMO 1980 Luxembourg, problem 5
May 6, 2004
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Problem Statement
Ten gamblers started playing with the same amount of money. Each turn they cast (threw) five dice. At each stage the gambler who had thrown paid to each of his 9 opponents times the amount which that opponent owned at that moment. They threw and paid one after the other. At the 10th round (i.e. when each gambler has cast the five dice once), the dice showed a total of 12, and after payment it turned out that every player had exactly the same sum as he had at the beginning. Is it possible to determine the total shown by the dice at the nine former rounds ?