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Numbers on an infinite chessboard

Source: Mexico National Olympiad Mock Exam 2021 P5

November 12, 2021
combinatorics

Problem Statement

Consider a chessboard that is infinite in all directions. Alex the T-rex wishes to place a positive integer in each square in such a way that:
[*] No two numbers are equal. [*] If a number mm is placed on square CC, then at least kk of the squares orthogonally adjacent to CC have a multiple of mm written on them.
What is the greatest value of kk for which this is possible?