MathDB

2007 Chile Classification NMO Seniors

Part of Chile Classification NMO

Subcontests

(1)
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2007 Chile Classification / Qualifying NMO Seniors XIX

p1. In the rectangle of the figure whose base is twice the height, we construct the two quarter-circles shown and the circles tangent to both quarter-circles and to the previous one (except the first one that is tangent to the upper side of the rectangle). Let RR denote the height of the rectangle and list the tangent circles in order of decreasing size: https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/7/f/12dca5a35c34b14f963d78b0889f9eff328276.jpg a) Prove that dn=Rn(n+1)d_n =\frac{R}{n (n + 1)}, where dnd_n denotes the diameter of the nn-th circumference. b) Prove that limn(112+123+...+1n(n+1))=1\lim_{n \to \infty} \left( \frac{1}{1 \cdot 2}+\frac{1}{2 \cdot 3}+...+\frac{1}{n(n + 1)}\right)=1
p2. Let xx be a real number such that x+1xx +\frac{1}{x} is integer. Prove that x2007+1x2007x^{2007} +\frac{1}{x^{2007}} is integer.
p3. On the island of Camelot, there are 1313 red, 1515 green and 1717 yellow chameleons. When two different colors are found, they change simultaneously to the third color. Can the situation occur in which all chameleons have the same color? Justify your answer.
p4. Let nn be a natural number. It is known that we can write n3n^3 as the sum of nn consecutive odd natural numbers. For instance 13=11^3 = 1, 23=3+52^3 = 3 + 5, 33=7+9+113^3 = 7 + 9 + 11, 43=13+15+17+194^3 = 13 + 15 + 17 + 19. a) Given an arbitrary natural number nn, explicitly describe one way to determine the nn of consecutive odd numbers used to write n3n^3 as above. b) Generalize the above for nkn^k, where kk is a natural number greater than or equal to 22.
p5. If a,ba, b and cc are any three positive reals, prove that it is true a+bc+ab+ca+ac+ab6\frac{a + b}{c}+ \frac{ab + c}{a}+ \frac{ac + a}{b} \ge 6
p6. Let two parabolas, from equations: y=cx2+dy = cx^2 + d (with c>0c> 0 and d<0d <0) and x=ay2+bx = ay^2 + b (with a>0a> 0 and b<0b <0), which intersect at four points. Show that these four points belong to the same circumference.
PS. Seniors P3 was also [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c4h2689976p23346234]Juniors P3.