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National and Regional Contests
Ireland Contests
Ireland National Math Olympiad
2019 Irish Math Olympiad
10
10
Part of
2019 Irish Math Olympiad
Problems
(1)
Island Hopping Holidays offer short holidays to 64 islands
Source: 2019 Irish Mathematical Olympiad paper 2 p10
10/5/2020
Island Hopping Holidays offer short holidays to
64
64
64
islands, labeled Island
i
,
1
≤
i
≤
64
i, 1 \le i \le 64
i
,
1
≤
i
≤
64
. A guest chooses any Island
a
a
a
for the first night of the holiday, moves to Island
b
b
b
for the second night, and finally moves to Island
c
c
c
for the third night. Due to the limited number of boats, we must have
b
∈
T
a
b \in T_a
b
∈
T
a
and
c
∈
T
b
c \in T_b
c
∈
T
b
, where the sets
T
i
T_i
T
i
are chosen so that (a) each
T
i
T_i
T
i
is non-empty, and
i
∉
T
i
i \notin T_i
i
∈
/
T
i
, (b)
∑
i
=
1
64
∣
T
i
∣
=
128
\sum^{64}_{i=1} |T_i| = 128
∑
i
=
1
64
∣
T
i
∣
=
128
, where
∣
T
i
∣
|T_i|
∣
T
i
∣
is the number of elements of
T
i
T_i
T
i
. Exhibit a choice of sets
T
i
T_i
T
i
giving at least
63
⋅
64
+
6
=
4038
63\cdot 64 + 6 = 4038
63
⋅
64
+
6
=
4038
possible holidays. Note that c = a is allowed, and holiday choices
(
a
,
b
,
c
)
(a, b, c)
(
a
,
b
,
c
)
and
(
a
′
,
b
′
,
c
′
)
(a',b',c')
(
a
′
,
b
′
,
c
′
)
are considered distinct if
a
≠
a
′
a \ne a'
a
=
a
′
or
b
≠
b
′
b \ne b'
b
=
b
′
or
c
≠
c
′
c \ne c'
c
=
c
′
.
combinatorics