MathDB
Island Hopping Holidays offer short holidays to 64 islands

Source: 2019 Irish Mathematical Olympiad paper 2 p10

October 5, 2020
combinatorics

Problem Statement

Island Hopping Holidays offer short holidays to 6464 islands, labeled Island i,1i64i, 1 \le i \le 64. A guest chooses any Island aa for the fi rst night of the holiday, moves to Island bb for the second night, and finally moves to Island cc for the third night. Due to the limited number of boats, we must have bTab \in T_a and cTbc \in T_b, where the sets TiT_i are chosen so that (a) each TiT_i is non-empty, and iTii \notin T_i, (b) i=164Ti=128\sum^{64}_{i=1} |T_i| = 128, where Ti|T_i| is the number of elements of TiT_i. Exhibit a choice of sets TiT_i giving at least 6364+6=403863\cdot 64 + 6 = 4038 possible holidays. Note that c = a is allowed, and holiday choices (a,b,c)(a, b, c) and (a,b,c)(a',b',c') are considered distinct if aaa \ne a' or bbb \ne b' or ccc \ne c'.