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Source: Brazilian Mathematical Olympiad 2024, Level U, Problem 3

October 12, 2024
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Problem Statement

Consider a game on an n×n n \times n board, where each square starts with exactly one stone. A move consists of choosing 55 consecutive squares in the same row or column of the board and toggling the state of each of those squares (removing the stone from squares with a stone and placing a stone in squares without a stone). For which positive integers n5 n \geq 5 is it possible to end up with exactly one stone on the board after a finite number of moves?